Continuum level	Description
1 (Nascent)	Formal processes, capabilities, experience, or understanding of data use issues/activities are limited or emerging. Formal processes are not documented, and functional capabilities are at the development stage. Success depends on individual effort (few committed users). Predominantly paper-based data management system.
2 (Defined)	Basic processes are in place, based on previous activities or existing and accessible policies. The need for standardized processes and automated functional capabilities is known. There are efforts to document current processes and policies, and capacity building needs.
3 (Established)	There are approved documented processes and guidelines tailored to data use. There is increased collaboration and knowledge sharing. The need for external technical assistance is clearly identified. Innovative methods and tools can be implemented and used to extend functional capabilities.
4 (Institutionalized)	Activities are under control using established processes. Requirements and goals have been developed and a feedback process is in place to ensure that they are met. Detailed measures for processes and products are being collected.
5 (Optimized)	Best practices are being applied, and people and the system are capable of learning and adapting. The system uses experiences and feedback to correct problems and continuously improve processes and capabilities. Future challenges are anticipated, and a plan is in place to address them through innovation and new technology. Processes are in place to ensure review and incorporation of relevant innovation.