| N |
Prevalence
n/%
(95% CI) |
N |
Prevalence
n/%
(95% CI) |
Don't know
(%) |
N |
<5 counts
per cell |
Agreement
(%) |
Sensitivity
(95% CI) |
Specificity
(95% CI) |
AUC
(95% CI) |
IF |
Criteria met |
| Failure to meet professional standards of care |
| Lack of informed consent process (e.g., examine without permission)? |
| 724 |
89/12
(7-20) |
724 |
65/9
(5-15) |
0 |
723 |
No |
92 |
53
(42-64) |
97
(96-98) |
0.75
(0.70-0.80) |
0.73 |
AUC |
| Skilled attendants absent at time of childbirth? |
| 724 |
109/15
(7-31) |
724 |
51/7
(3-14) |
0 |
723 |
No |
88 |
32
(24-42) |
97
(96-99) |
0.65
(0.60-0.69) |
0.47 |
AUC |
| Poor rapport between women and providers |
| Denial or lack of birth companions during labour and childbirth? |
| 724 |
114/16
(8-28) |
724 |
98/14
(7-26) |
0 |
723 |
No |
94 |
74
(65-82) |
98
(96-99) |
0.86
(0.82-0.90) |
0.86 |
AUC
IF |
| BA did not respect woman choice of preferred birth positions? |
| 724 |
24/3
(2-7) |
724 |
31/4
(2-10) |
0 |
722 |
No |
95 |
42
(22-63) |
97
(95-98) |
0.69
(0.59-0.79) |
1.29 |
AUC |
| Health system conditions and constraints |
| Staffing shortages (perceived) during labour and childbirth? |
| 724 |
129/18
(8-35) |
724 |
67/9
(5-18) |
0 |
724 |
No |
90 |
47
(38-56) |
99
(98-100) |
0.73
(0.68-0.77) |
0.52 |
AUC |
| Lack of privacy? |
| 724 |
75/10
(3-31) |
724 |
49/7
(1-30) |
0 |
724 |
No |
96 |
63
(57-74) |
100
(99-100) |
0.81
(0.76-0.87) |
0.65 |
AUC |