Central-1, Uganda			Ebonyi, Nigeria			Katsina, Nigeria
		Pre-Intervention	Non-Intervention	Post-intervention	Pre-Intervention	Non-Intervention	Post-intervention	Pre-Intervention	Non-Intervention	Post-intervention
Direct Causes of Fistula*
Prolonged/ Obstructed labor	Women	✓	✓	X	X	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
	Men	✓		✓	X	X	X	X	✓	✓
Iatrogenic/Provider error (cesarean section, abortion, etc.)	Women	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	X	✓	X	X
	Men	✓	X	✓	X	X	✓	X	✓	✓
Sexual violence/Trauma	Women	X	✓	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
	Men	X	X	X	X	X	✓	X	✓	X
Indirect Causes of Fistula
Early marriage/pregnancy	Women	✓	✓	X	X	X	X	✓	✓	✓
	Men	✓	✓	✓	X	X	✓	✓	X	✓
Mismanagement of delivery by TBAs	Women	✓	X	✓	✓	✓	✓	X	X	X
	Men	X	✓	✓	✓	✓	X	X	X	X
Delays in care seeking/ Poor care seeking (ANC and labor/delivery; inaccessibility of health centers)	Women	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	✓	✓
	Men	✓	✓	✓	✓	X	X	✓	✓	X