COVID-19 vaccine developer / Manufacturer	Identifier	Phase	Brief description	Vaccine	Country	Number of participants	Published Results	Status of the vaccine	References
CanSino Biologics Inc.	NCT04313127	I	A non-randomized clinical trial, in healthy adults (18-60 years)	Recombinant adenovirus type 5 vector	Wuhan, China	108	The vaccine was tolerable, immunogenic 28 days after vaccination and that rapid specific T lymphocytes were noted from day 14 post vaccination. Most adverse reactions were mild or moderate in severity. The most common were pain In injection side (54%), fever (46%), fatigue (44%), headache (39%) and muscle pain (17%).	Registered in phase III (NCT04526990)14 and recruiting participants	Zhu et al [@48069]
Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, PLA of China	NCT04341389	II	Randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial in healthy adults aged 18 years and older	Recombinant adenovirus type 5 vector	Wuhan, China	508	The 5 × 1010 viral particle vaccine was safe and elicited significant immune responses in the majority of recipients after a single immunization	Registered in phase III (NCT04526990)14 and recruiting participants	Zhu et al [@48070]
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)	NCT04283461	I	An open-label dose-ranging of the safety and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 years and over	mRNA-1273	United States	45 (preliminary report) 40	Its preliminary report including 45 healthy adults aged 18 to 55 years, stated that the vaccine induced an immune response in all participants and that no trial-limiting safety concerns were identified. Due to the high mortality and incidence of Covid-19 in older population, the trial was expanded to include 40 older adults aged 56 years and older. It was concluded that the mRNA-1273 had mainly mild to moderate adverse events in older adults and that the 100-μg dose induced higher binding- and neutralizing-antibody titers than the 25-μg dose.	Registered in phase III (NCT04470427) 8 and active not recruiting	Jackson et al [@48067] Anderson et al [@48071]
Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co., LTD	ChiCTR2000032459	I/II	A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in healthy adults aged 18 years and older (18-80 years in phase I and 18-59 years in phase II)	Inactivated vaccine (BBIBP-CorV)	Henan Province, China	1192 in phase I 2448 in phase II	it was reported that the vaccine was safe, well tolerated and that the two-dose immunization with 4 μg vaccine on days 0 and 21 or days 0 and 28 achieved higher neutralizing antibody titers than the single 8 μg dose or 4 μg dose on days 0 and 14. Adverse reactions were mild or moderate in severity.	-	Xia et al [@48061]
Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Health Ministry of the Russian Federation	NCT04436471 NCT04437875	I/II	Two open-label, non-randomized clinical trial in healthy volunteers aged 18 to 60 years, aiming to assess the safety and immunogenicity of two formulations (frozen and lyophilized) of the vaccine	Recombined viral vector vaccine (rAd26 and rAd5)	Russia	76 (38 in each study)	It was reported that the vaccine was safe and induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses in participants. The most common adverse events were pain at injection site (58%), hyperthermia (50%), headache (42%), asthenia (28%), and muscle and joint pain (24%). Most adverse events were mild and no serious adverse events were detected	The vaccine is in phase III with five clinical trials (NCT04530396, NCT04564716, NCT04642339, NCT04640233 and NCT04656613) 7,11,38,39,41	Logunov et al [@48062]
University of Oxford	NCT04324606	I/II	Randomized, single-blind, phase I/II clinical trial controlled by a meningococcal vaccine, in healthy adults aged 18 to 55 years.	Non-replicating viral vector (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19)	United-Kingdom	1077	It was reported that the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine had an acceptable safety profile and that a booster dose boosted antibody responses. Local and systemic reactions were more common in the COVID-19 vaccine group including pain, feeling feverish, chills, muscle ache, headache, and malaise.	The vaccine is in phase II/III (NCT04400838) 25 and recruiting participants	Folegatti et al [@48063]
University of Oxford	NCT04400838 [@48014]	II/III	A single-blind, randomized, controlled, in healthy adults aged 18 years and older enrolled at two UK clinical research facilities, in an age-escalation manner (18–55 years, 56–69 years, and 70 years and older immunogenicity subgroups)	Non-replicating viral vector (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19)	United-Kingdom	560 (160 aged 18-55 years, 160 aged 56-69 years and 240 aged 70 years and older)	The preliminary stated that ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 appears to be better tolerated in older adults than younger adults. Local and systemic reactions (injection-site pain, feeling feverish, myalgias, headache) were less common for those aged 56 years and older. It was also reported that the vaccine had similar immunogenicity across all age groups after a booster dose.	Recruiting participants	Ramasamy et al [@48072]
Novavax	NCT04368988	I/II	Randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial in healthy adults aged 18 to 59 years	Recombinant spike protein nanoparticle vaccine with Matrix-M1 adjuvant (NVX-CoV2373)	Australia	131	The primary analysis at day 35 concluded that that the vaccine appeared safe, elicited immune responses that exceeded levels in Covid-19 convalescent serum and that the adjuvant induced CD4+ T-cell responses biased toward a Th1 phenotype. Reactogenicity was absent or mild in the majority of participants, more common with adjuvant	The vaccine has two phase II clinical trials (NCT04611802 and NCT04583995) 19,23	Keech et al [@48064]
BioNTch/Pfizer’s	NCT04368728	I	Placebo-controlled, observer-blinded and dose escalation clinical trial in healthy adults aged 18 to 55 years and 65 to 85 years	Two RNA vaccines (BNT162b1 and BNT162b2)	United-States	195	The trial supported the selection of BNT162b2 for advancement to a pivotal phase II/III safety and efficacy evaluation	-	Walsh et al [@48073]
		I/II	Ongoing placebo-controlled, observer-blinded, dose-escalation in healthy adults aged 18 to 55 years	RNA vaccines (BNT162b1)	United-States	45	It reported that the vaccine exhibited a tolerability and safety profile consistent with those previously observed for mRNA-based vaccine. Local reactions and systemic events were dose-dependent, generally mild to moderate, and transient. However, even if there was stated that there was a robust immunogenicity after vaccination with BNT162b1, the findings were not proof of vaccine efficacy	-	Mulligan et al [@48065]
		II/III	Ongoing multinational, placebo-controlled, observer-blinded clinical trial in healthy adults aged 16 years and older	RNA vaccines (BNT162b2)	United-States, Argentina, Brazil, South Africa, Germany, Turkey	43 548	The preliminary report stated that a two dose regimen of BNT162b2 was 95% (95% CI [90.3%-97.6%]) effective against Covid-19 in persons aged 16 years and older. Safety over two months was similar to that of other viral vaccines and was characterized, especially after the second dose, by mild to moderate local reactions (pain, erythema, swelling) and systemic reactions (fever, headache, myalgias) which resolved rapidly	-	Polack et al [@48074]
Wuhan Institute of Biological Products co., LTD.	ChiCTR2000031809	I and II	Ongoing randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled in healthy adults aged 18 to 59 years	Inactivated vaccine	Henan Province, China	96 (phase I) 224 (phase II)	The interim analysis demonstrated immunogenicity in patients as well as a low rate of adverse reactions. The most common adverse reaction was injection site pain, followed by fever. No serious adverse reactions were noted	This vaccine is in phase III (NCT04510207) 13 and recruiting participants	Xia et al [@48068]
BioNTech SE	NCT04380701	I/II	An ongoing placebo controlled, observer-blinded clinical trial in healthy adults aged between 18 and 55 years	RNA vaccines (BNT162b1)	Germany	60	It was reported that the vaccine was safe, tolerable and had antibody response. Reactogenicity was dose-dependent and more pronounced after the boost dose. Side effects such as fever, chills, headache, muscle pain, joint pain, injection site pain, and tenderness, was mostly mild or moderate. The report concluded that BNT162b1 induced functional and proinflammatory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in almost all participants, with TH1 polarization of the helper response	-	Sahin et al [@48066]