Andersson 1992[@38579]
|
Measles epidemic
|
Mexico
|
1211 children<5
|
Mixed Methods |
-
Monetary cost and loss of household reserve capital
-
Average loss of 18.8 workdays per case of measles
-
Local pharmacies reported increased cost of drugs
-
Families often sold livestock to pay for medical care
-
Families with measles in household:
-
70% incurred financial loss
|
Borse 2011[@38564] |
H1N1 |
USA |
554 households with elementary school children |
Cross-sectional |
-
83% did not lose time at work
-
The probability of losing work for a household with only one working parent is 9%
-
When both parents are employed, the probability of losing work is 42%
|
CDC 2008[@38544] |
Influenza |
Kentucky |
480 children
School district A = low SES (327)
School district B = higher SES (145)
|
Mixed Methods |
-
29.1% had an adult that had to miss work
-
15.7% have lost pay
-
10% children in school district A (lower SES) relied more on school meal plans
-
14.9% had the option to work from home
-
39.8% had a "non-working" member
|
Chen 2011[@38578] |
H1N1 |
Taiwan |
232 parents/caretakers of children ages 6-13 |
Cross-sectional |
-
27% reported workplace absenteeism
-
18% reported wage loss
-
23% felt moderately inconvenienced by school closure
-
73% supported the school closure
|
Chow 2013[@38570]
|
Pandemic influenza (general)
|
Australia
|
23 parents of children aged 6 months – 3 years
|
Qualitative
|
-
Many nominated impact on work as one of the largest daily life disturbances
-
Work absenteeism increased and pay decreased
-
Impact on employee-employer relationship
|
Cui 2020[@38510] |
COVID-19
|
China
|
33 hospitals |
Cross-sectional |
-
Parent job loss adds stress on family
|
Effler 2010[@38521] |
H1N1 |
Australia
|
223 parents of school children during school closure
|
Cross-sectional
|
-
45% reported taking >1 day off work for childcare (1-5 days, median 3 days)
-
35% had to arrange childcare
-
10% cared for themselves at home
|
Epson 2015[@38538]
|
Epidemic ILI (general)
|
USA - Colorado
|
35 households (representing 67 students)
|
Cross-sectional
|
-
80% reported closure not challenging
-
20% reported challenges
-
14% reported that ≥1 day missed work
-
9% reported lost pay
-
63% did not anticipate challenges to school closure; 6 of 8 who anticipated challenges indicated all the adults in the household worked out of the home
|
Esposito 2011[@38580]
|
H1N1
|
Italy
|
389 children < 15
|
Mixed methods
|
-
No major effect # of days missed:
-
08/09 seasonal H3N2: mothers lost 5.9 fathers lost 3.4, siblings missed 3.9 days of school
-
09/10 pandemic H1N1 missed days: mothers lost 5.9, fathers lost 3.3 and siblings missed 4.1
|
Gift 2010[@38565] |
H1N1 |
USA - Pennsylvania
|
214 households (269 students)
|
Cross-sectional
|
-
69% reported zero missed workdays, of the remaining
-
~ 40% missed 5 workdays during school closures
-
School closure > week may result in more missed work
-
Older siblings can reduce missed work
|
Johnson 2008[@38542] |
Influenza B |
North Carolina |
220 households (438 adults, 355 school aged children) |
Cross-sectional |
-
54% employed outside the home
-
18% were able to work from home
-
18% of adults stayed home due to school closures (all employed at schools)
-
76% had a form of childcare
-
10%, special childcare arrangements due to school closures
-
3% spent >1 day overnight for childcare
-
1% spent extra money on childcare
|
Kavanagh 2012[@38582] |
H1N1 |
Victoria, Australia |
133 households of employed parents, 33 schools (school aged children)
|
Cross-sectional
|
-
52% of parents took time of work to care for quarantined children
-
42% (without leave) vs. 58% (leave), P=0.08 took time off work
-
73% pay loss without leave vs. 21%, with leave P<0.001
-
of those who lost pay, 42% experienced further financial consequences
|
Miller 2010[@38566] |
H1N1 |
N/A |
63 parent responses for 176 grade 5-8 students; 188 student responses for 240 grade 9-12 students |
Cross-sectional |
-
20%, nanny/babysitter for childcare
-
30% had caregivers stay home from work to care for them ≥ 1 day a week
-
9% in upper school reported caregivers staying home from work to care for them
|