Bias categories§
Ref	Author, Year	Country	Primary setting‡	Age range	Assessment → Outcomes reported	1	2	3	4	5	6
[@30505]	Araya S, 2016	Paraguay	Inpatient	1m - 17y	CXR finding/ (absence of) fever/ hypoxia/ tachypnoea → death	●	●	●	●	●	●
[@30534]	Coarasa A, 2010	Argentina	Emergency	1 - 24m	Argentinian respiratory distress scale/ Chilean respiratory distress scale --> hypoxia Chest indrawing --> hypoxia†	●	●	●	●	●	●
[@30541]	le Roux DM, 2015	South Africa	Outpatient	0 - 11m	Chest indrawing/ fever/ hypoxia /tachypnoea → inpatient admission	●	●	●	●	●	●
[@30542]	Lum LC, 2011	Malaysia	PICU	0 - 59m	Tachypnoea → mechanical ventilation	●	●	●	●	●	●
[@30543]	Mesquita M, 2009	Paraguay	Emergency	1 - 59m	Higher Respiratory Distress Assessment Instrument (RDAI) scores → hospital admission	●	●	●	●	●	●
[@30548]	Nathan AM, 2014	Malaysia	Inpatient	1m - 17y	Hypoxia → risk of life threatening disease†	●	●	●	●	●	●
[@30507]	Reed C, 2012	South Africa	Inpatient	1 - 59m	Hypoxia/ chest indrawing/ intercostal retractions/ wheezing/ tachypnoea → death†	●	●	●	●	●	●
[@30552]	Vidaurreta SM, 2011	Argentina	Inpatient	1 - 59m	Cyanosis/ retractions/ tachypnoea/ wheezing → hospital admission†	●	●	●	●	●	●
[@30553]	Vilas-Boas AL, 2014	Brazil	Inpatient	1 - 59m	Fever†/ chest retractions/ tachypnoea†/ wheezing† → treatment failure Crackles → (decreased) treatment failure†	●	●	●	●	●	●
[@30506]	Zhang Q, 2013	China	PICU	1 - 59m	Wheezing → (decreased) death/ (decreased) length of PICU stay/ (decreased) mechanical ventilation Head nodding → mechanical ventilation/ death Cyanosis/ grunting or groaning/ hypoxia/ tachypnoea → prolonged PICU stay/ mechanical ventilation/ death	●	●	●	●	●	●