Variables CAR model Exchangeable model Non-spatial model
aOR (95% BCI) aOR (95% BCI) aOR (95% BCI)
Vaccinations
BCG 0.94 (0.91-0.97)* 1.00 (0.97-1.08) 0.95 (0.91-0.96)*
WASH practices:
Water: No 1.0 1.0 1.0
Yes 0.99 (0.71-1.53) 1.25 (0.91-1.73) 0.82 (0.73-0.91)*
Soap/detergent and water: No 1.0 1.0 1.0
Yes 0.96 (0.93-0.98)* 0.97 (0.94-0.99)* 0.97 (0.94-0.99)*
Socio-demographic factors:
Child factors:
Age (months): 0-6 1.0 1.0 1.0
7-11 1.19 (0.92-1.54) 1.40 (0.88-2.14) 0.92 (0.78-1.08)
12-23 2.49 (2.09-3.22)* 1.99 (1.36-2.80)* 1.45 (1.26-1.67)*
24-35 2.06 (1.89-2.62)* 2.64 (1.86-3.83)* 1.34 (1.14-1.54)*
36-47 1.62 (1.22-1.91)* 1.53 (1.10-2.11)* 0.93 (0.81-1.06)
≥48 1.22 (1.08-1.42)* 2.55 (1.81-3.61)* 1.60 (1.37-1.84)*
Residence: Rural 1.0 1.0 1.0
Urban 0.53 (0.35-0.94)* 0.64 (0.25-1.36) 0.98 (0.85-1.17)
Maternal factors:
Marital status: Not married 1.0 1.0 1.0
Married 0.33 (0.25- 0.45)* 0.32 (0.24-0.43)* 0.49 (0.43-0.55)*
Occupation: No 1.0 1.0 1.0
Yes 1.14 (0.83-1.79) 2.20 (0.63-2.93) 0.40 (0.24-0.57)*
Household factors:
Wealth index: Poorest 1.0 1.0 1.0
Poorer 0.83 (0.67-0.93)* 1.27 (0.94-1.70) 0.39 (0.24-0.58)*
Middle 0.73 (0.53-0.86)* 1.29 (0.92-1.75) 0.69 (0.51-0.94)*
Richer 0.67 (0.43-0.82)* 0.99 (0.69-1.41) 0.20 (0.05-0.37)*
Richest 0.74 (0.66-0.91)* 1.38 (0.75-2.40) 0.25 (0.02-0.53)*
Type of cooking fuel: No wood 1.0 1.0 1.0
Wood 1.06 (0.43-1.23) 1.19 (0.86-1.75) 0.98 (0.84-1.14)
Climatic/environmental factors:
% surface covered by water within a 5km buffer 0.94 (0.06-1.47) 0.08 (0.01-1.79) 0.21 (0.12-1.36)
LST night 1.30 (1.23-1.47)* 1.45 (1.30-1.71)* 1.22 (1.19-1.27)*
Distance to savanna 0.90 (0.72-1.09) 0.83 (0.69-1.02) 0.90 (0.8- 0.92)