All older adults
(n=2663)
Living Arrangements
Older adults in Multigenerational households
(n= 1938)
Older adults in Single Households
(n= 725)
P value for difference by living arrangement
Age (mean, (SD)) 69.7 (0.16) 69.1 (0.18) 71.3 (0.31) <0.0001
Gender (% men, (CI)) 41.6 (39.6-43.7) 44.0 (41.6-46.4) 35.2 (31.4-39.0) 0.0002
Marital status (% married, (CI)) 63.2 (61.2-65.2) 65.2 (62.8-67.5) 58.1 (54.2-62.0) <0.010
Educational attainment (%, (CI))
- None/didn’t complete primary
- Completed primary
- Above primary level

69.0 (67.1-71.0)
6.3 (5.3-7.3)
24.7 (22.9-26.5)

67.9 (65.6-70.1)
6.9 (5.6-8.1)
25.3 (23.2-27.4)

72.3 (68.7-75.9)
4.7 (3.0-6.3)
23.0 (19.6-26.4)
0.064
Employed (% yes, (CI)) 13.9 (12.1-14.9) 15.2 (13.5-17.0) 8.8 (6.5-11.0) <0.0001
Chronic diseases, at least one (% yes, (CI))
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
86.1 (84.6-87.5)
55.0 (52.9-57.0)
32.8 (30.9-34.8)
85.4 (83.7-87.1)
54.4 (51.9-56.8)
33.1 (30.8-35.3)
87.7 (85.2-90.3)
56.7 (52.8-60.6)
32.3 (28.6-36.0)
0.154
0.326
0.727
Acute illness (% yes, (CI)) 55.3 (53.4-57.3) 54.9 (52.5-57.2) 56.6 (52.7-60.5) 0.463
Disability (% yes, (CI)) 17.9 (16.3-19.4) 17.0 (15.2-18.7) 20.2 (17.1-23.4) 0.072