Country	Study title [ref]	Potential outcomes
Tanzania	Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in pregnancy in Tanzania: burden, characterisation and their prognostic significance at delivery	• Inform prevention and treatment strategies for the care of pregnant women with CVD. • Update guidelines and policies with regard to the risks of CVD in pregnancy. • Provide objective data to support counselling of women about pregnancy safety. • Contribute to efforts to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with pregnancy in Tanzania.
Tanzania	Prospective exploration of the effect of adiposity and associated microbial factors on healing and progression of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in Tanzania 20	• Update and improve management guidelines for DFU care by providing information on the physiological and metabolic determinants of DFUs. • Guide and support the treatment of DFUs, which may ultimately reduce diabetes-related morbidity and mortality.
Kenya	Chronic inflammation and early risk of atherosclerosis among HIV-infected adults in Kenya	• Increase understanding of biological mechanisms linking chronic viral infection, inflammation and CVD, which is of relevance to both HIV infected and uninfected populations. • Provide biomarkers/mechanisms to identify HIV patients at increased risk of developing CVD, as well as support earlier implementation of preventive and therapeutic measures. • Reduce the incidence of associated complications in HIV-infected adults. • Support the development of CVD risk scores that incorporate inflammatory markers.
Uganda	Future maternal cardiovascular health after pre-eclampsia in an indigenous African population	• Generate new knowledge on the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. • Characterise an important cohort that can be followed up in the longer term to examine definitive cardiac disease outcomes. • Inform policy and clinical guidelines that may improve the management of women with pre-eclampsia which could ultimately lead to a reduction in perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. • Identify women most at risk of later CVD after pre-eclampsia who would benefit from prolonged follow up and early therapeutic intervention and development of policies to prioritise scarce resources for these women. • Develop a platform for more extensive future studies on the genomics of cardio-metabolic disorders.
Uganda	Frequency and predictors of exacerbations within a chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) population in Uganda	• Identify those at risk of COPD exacerbation and provide targeted education on avoidance of triggers and self-management of attacks, as well as possible vaccination and provision of other treatments to reduce patients’ future risk. • Reduce the higher mortality caused by COPD exacerbations in Uganda and other low-to-middle income countries, in particular those in Africa. • Fill the knowledge gap related to the frequency and factors that affect increased exacerbations within this population related to COPD.
Uganda	Investigating the association between altered lung microbiome and HIV-associated COPD in a Ugandan cohort	• Improve the understanding of COPD pathogenesis and short-term natural history in Uganda and in the setting of HIV to help determine screening strategies and treatments. • Fill an important gap in the scientific literature which may lead to further studies informing the development of new therapies for COPD in Africa and globally. • Provide initial data for specific precision medicine strategies for treating COPD and other respiratory diseases in Africa, particularly among HIV-infected subject cohorts.
Ethiopia	The association of kidney function and kidney size with low birth weight and stunting in Ethiopian children	• Provide insights on the factors associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Ethiopia, especially those associated with early life nutrition and sociodemographic factors in childhood. • Early identification of high-risk patients to inform prevention strategies and improve the outcome of CKD. • Provide policy makers and healthcare planners with the necessary data to inform local policy on improvement of maternal and child health and guide nutritional interventions to prevent low birth weight and stunting in Ethiopia.
Nigeria	Prevalence and pharmacogenomics of tenofovir nephrotoxicity in HIV-infected adults in south-western Nigeria	• Improve the early detection of renal dysfunction in HIV patients. • Implement a reliable strategy to detect and avoid tenofovir-induced kidney tubular dysfunction (KTD). • Improve understanding of the pathogenesis of complex pharmacogenomic interactions to develop novel tools to monitor kidney health. • Inform the development of clinical management programs to reduce the burden of KTD in Nigeria and in other populations.
Malawi	Biochemical characterisation of people with type 2 diabetes attending the diabetes clinic at Queen Elizabeth Central hospital, in Blantyre, Malawi	• Increase the understanding of the varied phenotypes of type 2 diabetes in Malawi. • Inform the development of clinical guidelines and protocols for accurately classifying and managing type 2 diabetes in Malawi and in sub-Saharan Africa. • Guide prevention strategies and policies aimed at addressing the increasing burden of diabetes in Africa.