Identifier (Year)	Context	Participants	Target population	Ethnicity	Method
Abraham et al.[@16167]	Semi pastoralist and pastoralist areas of Ethiopia	Health workers, community and religious members, women of reproductive age (Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) - Each 6 to 8 individuals)	Health workers, community and religious members, women of reproductive age	Mixed ethnicity	Focus group discussion (FGDs)
Ames et al.[@16168]	Central and North West Regions of Cameroon	Immunization program manager(n=8), Health workers(n=8), Community members (n=6), Parents (56)	Immunization program managers, health workers, community members, Parents	Mixed ethnicity	Semi-structured interview (n=78), Participant observation and informal conversations (n=8)
Bisrat et al.,[@16169]	Border districts (woredas) of Ethiopia	Community volunteers, health workers, community and religious leaders’ (In-depth interviews (IDIs) (n=33), 6 FGDs each with 6-8 individuals)	Community volunteers, health workers, community and religious leaders	Mixed ethnicity	In-depth Interviews (IDIs) (n=33), Focus group discussion (n=36 to 48)
Habib et al.[@16170]	Pishin, Bajaur and Karachi districts of Pakistan	Women. Community stakeholders, male decision-makers, polio program staff, religious leaders, healthcare providers, political leaders, stakeholders (n=477)	Decision-makers at the household level, influencers at the community level, political and religious leaders, health workers, polio program staff and government stakeholders.	Not documented	FGDSs (n=112), IDIs (n=365)
Khan and Sahibzada[@16171]	Kohat and Hangoo, and Bannu and Peshawar districts of Pakistan	Health workers (n=44)	Health workers	Not documented	FGDs (n=44)
Khowaja et al.[@16172]	Karachi district of Pakistan	Parents that refused vaccination for their children (n=30)	Parents that refused vaccination for their children	Pashtuns	IDIs (n=30)
Macama et al.[@16173]	Luanda province of Angola	Families and health staff (n=Not documented	Families of cases and health staff	Ambundu, the Ovimbundu and the Bakongo	IDI
Michael et al.[@16174]	Katsina, Nigeria	Caregivers (36 FGDs of 8-12 members each)	Caregivers of missed children	Hausa/Fulani	36 FGD of 8-12 members each
Murele et al[@16175]	Sokoto, Nigeria	Caregivers (n=72)	Caregivers	Fulani	IDIs
Oku et al.[@16176]	Bauchi and Cross River State of Nigeria	Stakeholders (n=15)	Stakeholders	Mixed ethnicity	IDI (n= 15)
Oku et al.[@16177]	Bauchi and Cross River State of Nigeria	Caregivers (n=84), health workers (n=14), Traditional leader (n=1), Religious leader (n=1)	Health workers, community leaders and caregivers	Mixed ethnicity	Observations (n = 40), IDIs (n = 14) and FGDs (FGDs) (n = 12)