|
Intermediate (Socio economic factors):
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| Location of household: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Urban |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Rural |
1.78 |
(1.06, 2.99) |
0.029 |
|
|
|
| Household wealth status: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Highest quintile |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| 4th quintile |
1.56 |
(0.60, 4.05) |
0.364 |
1.57 |
(0.61, 4.07) |
0.352 |
| Middle quintile |
2.77 |
(1.21, 6.34) |
0.016 |
2.74 |
(1.20, 6.30) |
0.017 |
| 2nd lowest quintile |
3.69 |
(1.72, 7.91) |
0.001 |
3.58 |
(1.68, 7.66) |
0.001 |
| Lowest quintile |
3.81 |
(1.74, 8.33) |
0.001 |
3.83 |
(1.76, 8.32) |
0.001 |
| Mother’s education: |
|
|
|
|
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| Primary/secondary or more |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| No education |
2.12 |
(1.24, 3.63) |
0.006 |
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| Mother’s working status: |
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|
|
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| Not working |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Working |
1.61 |
(1.10, 2.36) |
0.015 |
1.59 |
(1.09, 2.32) |
0.016 |
| Maternal marital status: |
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|
|
|
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| Currently married |
1.00 |
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|
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| Formerly married |
1.89 |
(1.03, 3.48) |
0.041 |
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Household factors:
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| Main household material of the wall: |
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|
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| Finished |
1.00 |
|
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|
|
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| Rudimentary |
1.69 |
(0.81, 3.52) |
0.164 |
|
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| Natural |
2.08 |
(0.84, 5.16) |
0.113 |
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| Main household material of the roof: |
|
|
|
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| Finished |
1.00 |
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| Rudimentary |
1.02 |
(0.17, 6.13) |
0.98 |
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| Natural |
1.22 |
(0.79, 1.87) |
0.373 |
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| Cooking location: |
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| In a separate building |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
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| In the house |
1.60 |
(0.99, 2.58) |
0.054 |
|
|
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| Outdoors |
1.03 |
(0.46, 2.30) |
0.944 |
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| Separate room for cooking (2688): |
|
|
|
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| Yes |
1.00 |
|
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| No |
1.40 |
(0.84, 2.33) |
0.194 |
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| Improved sanitation facilities: |
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| Yes |
1.00 |
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| No |
1.40 |
(0.90, 2.18) |
0.138 |
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| Improved source of drinking water: |
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| Yes |
1.00 |
|
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|
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| No |
0.95 |
(0.64, 1.42) |
0.812 |
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| Type of cooking fuel: |
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| Clean fuels |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
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| Polluting fuels |
1.70 |
(0.90, 3.20) |
0.101 |
|
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| Environmental tobacco smoke: |
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| No |
1.00 |
|
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|
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| Yes |
1.39 |
(0.87, 2.21) |
0.163 |
|
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Proximate (individuals’ factors):
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Maternal factors:
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| Mother’s current age (years): |
|
|
|
|
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| 20-29 years |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
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| Under 20 years |
1.42 |
(0.41, 4.93) |
0.581 |
1.67 |
(0.48, 5.82) |
0.419 |
| 30-39 years |
1.39 |
(0.89, 2.18) |
0.144 |
1.47 |
(0.93, 2.32) |
0.101 |
| 40 years and over |
2.05 |
(1.16, 3.60) |
0.013 |
2.06 |
(1.12, 3.78) |
0.021 |
| Current use of contraception method: |
|
|
|
|
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| Modern method |
1.00 |
|
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|
|
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| Traditional/no method |
1.74 |
(1.15, 2.61) |
0.008 |
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| Desire for pregnancy: |
|
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| Wanted then |
1.00 |
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| Wanted later/no more |
0.97 |
(0.53, 1.77) |
0.913 |
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| Ever had a terminated pregnancy: |
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| Yes |
1.00 |
|
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|
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| No |
1.04 |
(0.57, 1.92) |
0.893 |
|
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| Mothers smoking status: |
|
|
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| Never smoke |
1.00 |
|
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|
|
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| Yes smoke |
2.65 |
(1.26,5.55) |
0.01 |
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Child factors:
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| Sex of child: |
|
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| Female |
1.00 |
|
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|
|
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| Male: |
1.11 |
(0.77, 1.62) |
0.567 |
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| Birth rank |
|
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| 1st birth rank |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2-3rd birth rank |
1.30 |
(0.78, 2.17) |
0.306 |
|
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| 4th birth rank and over |
2.55 |
(1.46, 4.46) |
0.001 |
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| Preceding birth interval: |
|
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| 1st child |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
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| Birth interval <3 years |
2.87 |
(1.62, 5.09) |
<0.001 |
2.02 |
(1.10, 3.70) |
0.023 |
| Birth interval >3 years |
1.24 |
(0.75, 2.06) |
0.394 |
0.87 |
(0.50, 1.50) |
0.614 |
|
Delivery and post-delivery factors:
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|
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| Delivery assistant: |
|
|
|
|
|
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| Health professional |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
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| None/TBA/other untrained |
2.58 |
(1.66, 4.00) |
<0.001 |
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| Place of delivery: |
|
|
|
|
|
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| Health facility |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
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| Non-health facility |
2.73 |
(1.67, 4.45) |
<0.001 |
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| Mode of delivery: |
|
|
|
|
|
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| Caesarean section |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Non-caesarean section |
6.52 |
(2.39, 17.79) |
<0.001 |
4.97 |
(1.52, 16.21) |
0.008 |
| Child’s breastfeeding status: |
|
|
|
|
|
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| Child ever-breastfed |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
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| Child never-breastfed |
21.04 |
(11.94, 37.09) |
<0.001 |
23.02 |
(12.46, 42.52) |
<0.001 |
| Birthweight (kilograms): |
|
|
|
|
|
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| 2500-3500 kilograms |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| <2500 kilograms |
2.91 |
(0.76, 11.18) |
0.12 |
|
|
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| >3500 kilograms |
1.13 |
(0.41, 3.13) |
0.813 |
|
|
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| Not weighed at birth |
3.78 |
(1.92, 7.41) |
<0.001 |
|
|
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| Birth size: |
|
|
|
|
|
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| Average |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Smaller than average |
1.83 |
(1.06, 3.15) |
0.029 |
|
|
|
| Larger than average |
1.08 |
(0.68, 1.73) |
0.733 |
|
|
|