|
Intermediate (Socio economic factors):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Location of household: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Urban |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Rural |
1.71 |
(1.02, 2.88) |
0.043 |
|
|
|
| Household wealth status: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Highest quintile |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| 4th quintile |
1.32 |
(0.49, 3.55) |
0.579 |
1.32 |
(0.49, 3.53) |
0.585 |
| Middle quintile |
2.34 |
(0.99, 5.51) |
0.052 |
2.26 |
(0.95, 5.36) |
0.065 |
| 2nd lowest quintile |
3.43 |
(1.59, 7.39) |
0.002 |
3.00 |
(1.40, 6.42) |
0.005 |
| Lowest quintile |
3.34 |
(1.50, 7.40) |
0.003 |
2.82 |
(1.28, 6.20) |
0.010 |
| Mother’s education: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Primary/secondary or more |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| No education |
2.21 |
(1.32, 3.70) |
0.003 |
1.75 |
(1.06, 2.88) |
0.029 |
| Mother’s working status: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Not working |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Working |
1.76 |
(1.12, 2.75) |
0.014 |
1.68 |
(1.09, 2.59) |
0.019 |
| Maternal marital status: |
|
|
|
|
|
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| Currently married |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Formerly married |
1.59 |
(0.81, 3.12) |
0.180 |
|
|
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Household fctors:
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|
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| Main household material of the wall: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Finished |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Rudimentary |
1.84 |
(0.91, 3.72) |
0.091 |
|
|
|
| Natural |
2.31 |
(0.94, 5.69) |
0.067 |
|
|
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| Main household material of the roof: |
|
|
|
|
|
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| Finished |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Rudimentary |
1.15 |
(0.19, 6.89) |
0.875 |
|
|
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| Natural |
1.21 |
(0.77, 1.90) |
0.397 |
|
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| Cooking location: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| In a separate building |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| In the house |
1.49 |
(0.90, 2.46) |
0.121 |
|
|
|
| Outdoors |
1.00 |
(0.43, 2.33) |
1.00 |
|
|
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| Separate room for cooking (2688): |
|
|
|
|
|
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| Yes |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
1.36 |
(0.80, 2.31) |
0.254 |
|
|
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| Improved sanitation facilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
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| Yes |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
1.39 |
(0.88, 2.189) |
0.158 |
|
|
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| Improved source of drinking water: |
|
|
|
|
|
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| Yes |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
0.98 |
(0.64, 1.49) |
0.921 |
|
|
|
| Type of cooking fuel: |
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|
|
|
|
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| Clean fuels’ |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Polluting fuels’ |
1.53 |
(0.80, 2.94) |
0.196 |
|
|
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| Environmental tobacco smoke: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
1.41 |
(0.872.29) |
0.163 |
|
|
|
|
Prroximate (individuals’ factors):
|
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|
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Maternal factors:
|
|
|
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| Mother’s current age (years): |
|
|
|
|
|
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| 20-29 years |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Under 20 years |
1.38 |
(0.35, 5.48) |
0.646 |
|
|
|
| 30-39 years |
1.40 |
(0.83, 2.34) |
0.203 |
|
|
|
| 40 years and over |
1.77 |
(0.96, 3.26) |
0.065 |
|
|
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| Current use of contraception method: |
|
|
|
|
|
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| Modern method |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Traditional/no method |
1.59 |
(1.04, 2.44) |
0.034 |
|
|
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| Desire for pregnancy: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Wanted then |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Wanted later/no more |
0.92 |
(0.48, 1.78) |
0.810 |
|
|
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| Ever had a terminated pregnancy: |
|
|
|
|
|
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| Yes |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
1.11 |
(0.57, 2.14) |
0.763 |
|
|
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| Mothers smoking status: |
|
|
|
|
|
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| Never smoke |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes smoke |
2.44 |
(1.25, 4.76) |
0.009 |
|
|
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Child factors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| Sex of child: |
|
|
|
|
|
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| Female |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Male |
1.04 |
(0.70, 1.54) |
0.853 |
|
|
|
| Birth rank: |
|
|
|
|
|
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| 1st birth rank |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2-3rd birth rank |
1.41 |
(0.83, 2.40) |
0.209 |
|
|
|
| 4th birth rank and over |
2.57 |
(1.47, 4.49) |
0.001 |
|
|
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| Preceding birth interval: |
|
|
|
|
|
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| 1st child |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Birth interval <3 years |
3.01 |
(1.70, 5.31) |
<0.001 |
2.26 |
(1.31, 3.89) |
0.003 |
| Birth interval >3 years |
1.29 |
(0.76, 2.19) |
0.349 |
1.11 |
(0.64, 1.90) |
0.717 |
|
Delivery and post-delivery factors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| Delivery assistant: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Health professional |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| None/TBA/other untrained |
2.44 |
(1.56, 3.81) |
<0.001 |
|
|
|
| Place of delivery: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Health facility |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Non-health facility |
2.90 |
(1.74, 4.82) |
<0.001 |
|
|
|
| Mode of delivery: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Caesarean section |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Non-caesarean section |
7.73 |
(2.49, 23.95) |
<0.001 |
5.65 |
(1.78, 17.88) |
0.003 |
| Child’s breastfeeding status: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Child ever-breastfed |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Child never-breastfed |
24.65 |
(13.9, 43.67) |
<0.001 |
27.02 |
(14.11, 51.74) |
<0.001 |
| Birthweight (kilograms): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2500-3500 kilograms |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Under 2500 kilograms |
3.20 |
(0.82, 12.45) |
0.093 |
|
|
|
| More than 3500 kilograms |
0.94 |
(0.29, 3.03) |
0.913 |
|
|
|
| Not weighed at birth |
3.70 |
(1.84, 7.43) |
<0.001 |
|
|
|
| Birth size: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Average |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Smaller than average |
2.23 |
(1.28, 3.90) |
0.005 |
1.88 |
(1.33, 4.45) |
0.004 |
| Larger than average |
1.26 |
(0.77, 2.06) |
0.366 |
1.15 |
(0.65, 2.04) |
0.636 |