|
Intermediate factors (Socio economic factors):
|
| Location of household: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Urban |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Rural |
1.90 |
(0.99, 3.64) |
0.053 |
|
|
|
| Household wealth status: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Highest quintile |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 4thquintile |
1.25 |
(0.38, 4.10) |
0.712 |
|
|
|
| Middle quintile |
1.82 |
(0.67, 4.92) |
0.236 |
|
|
|
| 2nd lowest quintile |
2.32 |
(0.87, 6.20) |
0.093 |
|
|
|
| Lowest quintile |
2.11 |
(0.82, 5.45) |
0.123 |
|
|
|
| Mother’s education: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Primary/secondary or more |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| No education |
1.80 |
(1.00, 3.25) |
0.05 |
|
|
|
| Mother’s working status: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Not working |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Working |
1.58 |
(0.90 2.783) |
0.112 |
|
|
|
| Maternal marital status: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Currently married |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Formerly married |
1.12 |
(0.41, 3.10) |
0.825 |
|
|
|
|
Intermediate (household factors):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Main household material of the wall: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Finished |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Rudimentary |
3.24 |
(1.31, 8.01) |
0.011 |
3.24 |
(1.31, 8.01) |
0.011 |
| Natural |
4.22 |
(1.36, 13.09) |
0.013 |
4.22 |
(1.36, 13.09) |
0.013 |
| Main household material of the roof: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Finished |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Rudimentary |
2.22 |
(0.36, 13.87) |
0.391 |
|
|
|
| Natural |
1.48 |
(0.84, 2.59) |
0.171 |
|
|
|
| Cooking location: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| In a separate building |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| In the house |
2.15 |
(1.09, 4.23) |
0.027 |
|
|
|
| Outdoors |
0.98 |
(0.32, 2.99) |
0.976 |
|
|
|
| Separate room for cooking (2688): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
1.08 |
(0.56, 2.10) |
0.814 |
|
|
|
| Improved sanitation facilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
1.03 |
(0.61, 1.74) |
0.916 |
|
|
|
| Improved source of drinking water: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
0.79 |
(0.46, 1.37) |
0.401 |
|
|
|
| Type of cooking fuel: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Clean fuels |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Polluting fuels |
1.00 |
(0.49, 2.07) |
0.992 |
|
|
|
| Environmental tobacco smoke: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
1.05 |
(0.64, 1.72) |
0.834 |
|
|
|
|
Proximate (Individuals’ factors):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maternal factors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mother’s current age (years): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 20-29 years |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Under 20 years |
0.98 |
(0.13, 7.28) |
0.985 |
|
|
|
| 30-39 years |
1.26 |
(0.71, 2.25) |
0.426 |
|
|
|
| 40 years and over |
1.21 |
(0.54, 2.72) |
0.649 |
|
|
|
| Current use of contraception method: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Modern method |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Traditional/no method |
1.23 |
(0.70, 2.17) |
0.471 |
|
|
|
| Desire for pregnancy: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Wanted then |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Wanted later/no more |
1.04 |
(0.48, 2.29) |
0.930 |
|
|
|
| Ever had a terminated pregnancy: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
1.44 |
(0.51, 4.06) |
0.487 |
|
|
|
| Mothers smoking status: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Never smoke |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes smoke |
2.02 |
(1.02, 3.98) |
0.043 |
|
|
|
|
Child factors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sex of child: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Female |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Male |
1.18 |
(0.71, 1.97) |
0.514 |
|
|
|
| Birth rank: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1st birth rank |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2-3rd birth rank |
1.43 |
(0.73, 2.82) |
0.301 |
|
|
|
| 4th birth rank and over |
2.02 |
(1.05, 3.89) |
0.035 |
|
|
|
| Preceding birth interval: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1st child |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Birth interval <3 years |
2.41 |
(1.23, 4.70) |
0.010 |
|
|
|
| Birth interval >3 years |
1.30 |
(0.66, 2.53) |
0.446 |
|
|
|
|
Delivery and post-delivery factors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Delivery assistant: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Health professional |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| None/TBA/other untrained |
2.12 |
(1.30, 3.44) |
0.003 |
|
|
|
| Place of delivery: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Health facility |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Non-health facility |
2.55 |
(1.35, 4.81) |
0.004 |
|
|
|
| Mode of delivery: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Caesarean section |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Non-caesarean section |
4.85 |
(1.39, 16.88) |
0.013 |
|
|
|
| Child’s breastfeeding status: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Child ever-breastfed |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Child never-breastfed |
47.06 |
(25.36, 87.33) |
<0.001 |
36.34 |
(17.58, 75.12) |
<0.001 |
| Birthweight (kilograms): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2500-3500 kilograms |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| <2500 kilograms |
5.87 |
(1.04, 33.04) |
0.045 |
2.41 |
(0.60, 9.62) |
0.212 |
| >3500 kilograms |
0.55 |
(0.09, 3.48) |
0.528 |
0.52 |
(0.63, 4.27) |
0.542 |
| Not weighed at birth |
5.78 |
(2.19, 15.26) |
<0.001 |
4.16 |
(1.58, 11.00) |
0.004 |
| Birth size: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Average |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Smaller than average |
3.63 |
(1.79, 7.34) |
<0.001 |
3.33 |
(1.44, 7.68) |
0.005 |
| Larger than average |
1.35 |
(0.73, 2.50) |
0.34 |
1.40 |
(0.63, 3.10) |
0.406 |