Live births n (%) Stillbirths n (%) Total births SBR/1000 births OR* (95% CI) aOR(95% CI)
Sociodemographic/community
Age (years):
15-24 2701 (22.8) 98 (23.8) 2799 35.0 0.98 (0.69-1.40) 0.86 [0.57-1.29)
25-29 3727 (31.4) 138 (33.4) 3865 35.6 Reference Reference
30-34 3100 (26.1) 101 (24.5) 3201 31.6 0.88 (0.50-1.57) 0.91 (0.54-1.56)
35-49 2328 (19.6) 75 (18.2) 2403 31.2 0.87 (0.61-1.25) 0.91 (0.63-1.31)
Education:
No education 6786 (57.2) 277 (67.3) 7063 39.2 2.09 (1.20-3.65)
Primary 2016 (17.0) 66 (16.0) 2082 31.6 1.67 (0.88-3.18)
Secondary 2095 (17.7) 50 (12.2) 2145 23.5 1.23 (0.64-2.38)
Higher 959 (8.1) 19 (4.5) 978 19.2 Reference
Ethnicity:
Urdu 950 (8.0) 19 (4.5) 968 19.1 Reference Reference
Punjabi 4328 (36.5) 137 (33.2) 4465 30.6 1.62 (0.94-2.81) 1.34 (0.77-2.34)
Sindhi 1168 (9.9) 46 (11.1) 1213 37.6 2.01 (1.09-3.69) 1.14 (0.59-2.20)
Pashto 1563 (13.2) 49 (12.0) 1612 30.6 1.62 (0.89-2.96) 1.32 (0.70-2.46)
Baluchi 584 (4.9) 40 (9.8) 625 64.4 3.53 (1.93-6.45) 1.93 (1.03-3.61)
Barahui 340 (2.9) 24 (5.8) 364 65.6 3.60 (1.46-8.92) 2.25 (0.85-5.98)
Siraiki 1980 (16.7) 79 (19.3) 2060 38.5 2.06 (1.05-4.01) 1.46 (0.72-2.94)
Others 934 (7.9) 18 (4.4) 952 19.0 1.00 (0.44-2.26) 0.82 (0.36-1.87)
Place of residence:
Urban 3444 (29.1) 74 (17.9) 3518 21.0 Reference
Rural 8412 (70.9) 338 (82.1) 8750 38.7 1.88 (1.41-2.51)
Women’s occupation:
No work 8770 (74.2) 264 (64.2) 9034 29.2 Reference Reference
Manual work 3056 (25.8) 147 (35.8) 3203 45.9 1.60 (1.13-2.27) 1.55 (1.09-2.21)
Husband's education:
No education 4031 (34.1) 146 (35.4) 4177 34.9 1.49 (0.93-2.37)
Primary 2029 (17.2) 85 (20.7) 2114 40.4 1.73 (1.01-2.96)
Secondary 3967 (33.5) 137 (33.2) 4104 33.3 1.42 (0.87-2.30)
Higher 1798 (15.2) 44 (10.6) 1842 23.8 Reference
Blood relation with husband:
No 4026 (34.0) 95 (23.0) 4121 22.9 Reference Reference
Yes 7827 (66.0) 317 (77.0) 8144 39.0 1.73 (1.23-2.43) 1.45 (1.01-2.06)
Husband related as:
1st cousin on father's side 3275 (41.9) 165 (52.3) 3440 47.9 1.87 (1.05-3.35)
1st cousin on mother's side 2463 (31.5) 94 (29.9) 2557 36.9 1.42 (0.72-2.81)
Second cousin 949 (12.1) 25 (8.1) 975 26.1 1.00 (0.47-2.12)
Other/not related 1133 (14.5) 31 (9.7) 1164 26.2 Reference
Getting medical help for self: (maternal healthcare access):
Getting permission to go:
Big problem 2541 (21.5) 118 (28.6) 2659 44.4 1.47 (1.08-1.99)
Not a big problem 9294 (78.5) 294 (71.4) 9588 30.7 Reference
Getting money needed for treatment:
Big problem 3965 (33.5) 177 (43.0) 4142 42.7 1.49 (1.05-2.13)
Not a big problem 7870 (66.5) 235 (57.0) 8105 29.0 Reference
Distance to health facility:
Big problem 4850 (41.0) 201 (48.9) 5051 39.8 1.38 (1.00-1.89)
Not a big problem 6985 (59.0) 211 (51.1) 7196 29.3 Reference
Not wanting to go alone:
Big problem 7039 (59.5) 281 (68.3) 7320 38.4 1.47 (1.08-1.99)
Not a big problem 4797 (40.5) 131 (31.7) 4928 26.5 Reference
Usually deciding respondent's healthcare:
Respondent alone 1005 (8.6) 21 (5.2) 1026 20.5 Reference Reference
Respondent and husband/partner 4478 (38.2) 125 (31.0) 4603 27.1 1.33 (0.70-2.52) 1.23 (0.64-2.35)
Husband/partner alone 4016 (34.3) 153 (38.0) 4169 36.7 1.82 (0.93-3.55) 1.51 (0.77-2.98)
Family elders/others 2213 (18.9) 104 (38.0) 2317 44.8 2.24 (1.19-4.23) 2.04 (1.05-3.99)
Beating justified if wife argues with husband:
No 7902 (66.8) 249 (60.5) 8151 30.6 Reference
Yes 3747 (31.7) 157 (38.2) 3904 40.3 1.57 (1.08-2.28)
Don't know 183 (1.5) 5 (1.3) 188 28.1 0.66 (0.15-2.85)
Birth and family planning:
Ever used any family planning method:
Used modern 6206 (52.3) 178 (43.1) 6384 27.8 Reference Reference
Never used any 4713 (39.7) 217 (52.7) 4930 44.0 1.61 (1.23-2.11) 1.47 (1.06-2.04)
Used only traditional 938 (7.9) 17 (4.1) 955 17.9 0.66 (0.36-1.20) 0.67 (0.36-1.23)
Last pregnancy wanted:
No more 1121 (9.5) 13 (4.4) 1134 11.2 Reference
Then 9295 (78.5) 257 (89.3) 9552 26.9 2.45 (1.23-4.86)
Later 1418 (12.0) 18 (6.3) 1436 12.6 1.12 (0.45-2.82)
Ideal number of boys:
0-2 boys 8239 (69.5) 255 (62.0) 8494 30.1 Reference
≥3 boys 3618 (30.5) 157 (38.0) 3774 41.5 1.40 (1.02-1.91)