Non-adherence by self-report
n=19/156 (12.1%)
Non-adherence by pharmacy record†
n=106/185 (57.3%)
Predictor Total, n
(col %)
Non-adherent, n (%) Prevalence (%) Prevalence ratio (95% CI) P-value Total, n (col %) Non-adherent, n (col %) Prevalence (%) Prevalence ratio (95% CI) P-value
HIV incident infection:‡ N/A N/A
Yes 2 (1.3) 0 (0.0) 0.0 3 (1.6) 1 (0.9) 33.3 0.58 (0.12, 2.88) 0.503
No 154 (98.7) 19 (100.0) 12.3 182 (98.4) 105 (99.1) 57.7 Ref.
Bacterial vaginosis incident infection:§ N/A N/A
Yes 13 (8.3) 0 (0.0) 0.0 14 (7.6) 7 (6.6) 50.0 0.86 (0.50, 1.48) 0.594
No 143 (91.7) 19 (100.0) 13.3 171 (92.4) 99 (93.4) 57.9 Ref.
Herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) incident infection:§ N/A N/A
Yes 4 (2.6) 0 (0.0) 0.0 5 (2.7) 2 (1.9) 40.0 0.69 (0.23, 2.04) 0.505
No 152 (97.4) 19 (100.0) 12.5 180 (97.3) 104 (98.1) 57.8 Ref.
Chlamydia incident infection§
Yes 6 (3.8) 2 (10.5) 33.3 2.94 (0.87, 9.93) 0.082 6 (3.2) 3 (2.8) 50.0 0.87 (0.39, 1.95) 0.734
No 150 (96.2) 17 (89.5) 11.3 Ref. 179 (96.8) 103 (97.2) 57.5 Ref.
Gonorrhea incident infection:§ N/A N/A N/A N/A
Yes 1 (0.6) 0 (0.0) 0.0 2 (1.1) 2 (1.9) 100.0
No 155 (99.4) 19 (100.0) 12.3 183 (98.9) 104 (98.1) 56.8
Syphilis incident infection:§ N/A N/A N/A N/A
Yes 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0.0 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0.0
No 156 (100.0) 19 (100.0) 12.2 185 (100.0) 106 (100.0) 57.3
Any STI or bacterial vaginosis incident infection:§
Yes 24 (15.4) 2 (10.5) 8.3 0.65 (0.16, 2.62) 0.542 28 (15.1) 13 (12.3) 46.4 0.78 (0.52, 1.19) 0.254
No 132 (84.6) 17 (89.5) 12.9 Ref. 157 (84.9) 93 (87.7) 59.2 Ref.
Number of sexual partners in past 3 months: 0.555 0.775
No partners 37 (24.3) 5 (26.3) 13.5 0.71 (0.21, 2.36) 0.575 44 (24.6) 26 (25.2) 59.1 1.18 (0.73, 1.92) 0.499
1 partner 94 (61.8) 10 (52.6) 10.6 0.56 (0.19, 1.61) 0.281 113 (63.1) 66 (64.1) 58.4 1.17 (0.75, 1.82) 0.495
2 or more partners 21 (13.8) 4 (21.1) 19.0 Ref. 22 (12.3) 11 (10.7) 50.0 Ref.
Vaginal sex in past 3 months:
Yes 117 (76.0) 14 (73.7) 12.0 0.89 (0.34, 2.29) 0.802 137 (75.7) 78 (75.0) 56.9 0.96 (0.72, 1.28) 0.799
No 37 (24.0) 5 (26.3) 13.5 Ref. 44 (24.3) 26 (25.0) 59.1 Ref.
Vaginal sex without a condom in past 3 months:
Yes 112 (72.7) 12 (63.2) 10.7 0.64 (0.27, 1.52) 0.315 130 (71.8) 72 (69.2) 55.4 0.88 (0.68, 1.15) 0.350
No 42 (27.3) 7 (36.8) 16.7 Ref. 51 (28.2) 32 (30.8) 62.7 Ref.
Anal sex in past 3 months:
Yes 55 (35.9) 4 (21.1) 7.3 0.48 (0.17, 1.36) 0.166 64 (35.6) 36 (34.6) 56.3 0.96 (0.74, 1.25) 0.760
No 98 (64.1) 15 (78.9) 15.3 Ref. 116 (64.4) 68 (65.4) 58.6 Ref.
Anal sex without a condom in past 3 months:
Yes 52 (34.2) 3 (15.8) 5.8 0.36 (0.11, 1.18) 0.092 59 (33.1) 33 (32.0) 55.9 0.95 (0.72, 1.25) 0.716
No 100 (65.8) 16 (84.2) 16.0 Ref. 119 (66.9) 70 (68.0) 58.8 Ref.
HIV(+/unknown) partners in past 3 months:
Yes 50 (33.6) 5 (26.3) 10.0 0.71 (0.27, 1.85) 0.481 57 (32.4) 28 (27.2) 49.1 0.78 (0.58, 1.05) 0.101
No 99 (66.4) 14 (73.7) 14.1 Ref. 119 (67.6) 75 (72.8) 63.0 Ref.
Unwanted/forced sex in past 3 months: N/A N/A N/A N/A
Yes 6 (3.8) 0 (0.0) 0.0 7 (3.8) 7 (6.6) 100.0
No 150 (96.2) 19 (100.0) 12.7 178 (96.2) 99 (93.4) 55.6
Transactional sex or exchange sex in past 3 months:
Yes 8 (5.1) 1 (5.3) 12.5 1.03 (0.16, 6.76) 0.977 9 (4.9) 3 (2.8) 33.3 0.57 (0.22, 1.45) 0.237
No 148 (94.9) 18 (94.7) 12.2 Ref. 176 (95.1) 103 (97.2) 58.5 Ref.